長文読解（人文系・自然科学系の文章）- 問題4

Coral reefs, often called the "rainforests of the sea," are experiencing unprecedented challenges due to climate change and human activities. These complex marine ecosystems cover less than 1% of the ocean floor but support approximately 25% of all marine species. Rising ocean temperatures and increased ocean acidification are causing widespread coral bleaching, a process where corals expel the symbiotic algae living in their tissues, turning them white and potentially leading to their death.
Recent scientific research has revealed innovative approaches to coral reef restoration. Some marine biologists are experimenting with "coral gardening" techniques, where fragments of resilient coral species are carefully grown in nurseries and then transplanted to damaged reef areas. Advanced genetic studies have identified certain coral species that demonstrate higher resistance to temperature changes and can potentially help regenerate marine ecosystems.
The economic and ecological implications of coral reef destruction are massive. These ecosystems provide critical habitat for marine life, protect coastlines from erosion, and support the livelihoods of millions of people in coastal communities who depend on fishing and tourism. Conservation efforts are now focusing on both immediate protection strategies and long-term sustainable management approaches.